Review of treatment of generalised tetanus in dogs

This review paper investigates the published evidence for various therapeutic strategies commonly used in the management of generalised tetanus in dogs and cats. The level of the evidence for the efficacy of tetanus antitoxin administration, antimicrobial therapy, wound management and immunotherapy in companion animals was low, review articles citing case reports and small case series, rather than case-control, cohort studies or clinical trials. Untested extrapolation from published data on the treatment of people with tetanus frequently directs recommendations made for the management of tetanus in dogs and cats. There is a need for further studies and evidence-based guidelines for treatment of this condition in dogs and cats. Until then, clinical judgement is required by the veterinarian to determine appropriate treatment. Supportive care remains the mainstay of treatment. Aust Vet Pract 2014;44(1):574-578 Figure 1. A 10-week-old female entire mixed-breed puppy with generalised tetanus. Note generalised extensor muscle rigidity, risus sardonicus, enophthalmos and erect pinnae. Figure 2. The same puppy on day 10 following treatment with tetanus anti-toxin, antimicrobials and supportive care. She is attempting to stand, using her chin for additional support.